Conflict Management in the Restaurants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conflict Management in the Restaurants - Essay Example Conflicts and disagreements that arise in the restaurant and hospitality industry can differ from those in the corporate sector, said a general manager of an establishment that generates tens of thousands of dollars in sales in week. In the restaurant industry, the hours an employee works are often long and varied and some workers may find themselves spending more time with their colleagues than with their own families, which can lead to conflicts, outbursts and clashes, said the assistant general manager of the same establishment. "Everyone is here more than their with their families," he said. "It's not like you're at a sit down job where you're in front of computer all day or at a press where you can't hear anybody. There's down time, and they are going to talk to each other." "Operators/ managers turn a blind eye to conflict at their own peril-customer loyalty is at stake, says Cathy Greenberg, managing partner of h2c consulting company, with offices in Tuscon and Philadelphia. "Customers will return to restaurants where they feel they're known, she explains. "Ongoing and unresolved staff conflict will lead to high turnover, which in turn will lead your customers feeling disconnected from your business." "Communicating with employees is essentialThe manager has to have an ongoing dialogue with all the staff. Managers need to diffuse and stay on top of situations. How you get there is that ongoing, daily dialogue." (http://pizzatoday.com/features_articles.shtmlarticle=NzE4MXN1cGvyNzE3OHN1Y3J1d....) While handling an issue as it arises is urgent, the manner in which conflicts are resolved have changed over the years. While an employee can be terminated on the spot depending on the severity of the incident, most companies and organizations now have steps that must be followed to resolve issues. "In the last ten years it's really been different," the general manager said. "Ten years ago you could tell them 'if you can't see it my way you can just leave.' Now you have to try and understand what they're thinking and where they're coming from." Procedures today now include verbal warnings, documentation/ write-ups, a three-day suspension and then, finally, termination. The gender of the management dealing with a conflict can also play a role in how the situation is handled. Men and women differ widely on their emotions, reactions to situations and stress levels. This all plays a part in how a situation can be resolved. "Being a female, I

Environment Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environment - Lab Report Example Nonetheless, the soil experiment in this essay aimed at analyzing or testing two different types of soils based on the characteristics including texture, color, and levels of pH or the acidity, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen as well as Potassium. Two different soil samples were to be obtained from different sites including soil sample collected from flat land covered by grass (Sample ID: NAltarki-2) and soil sample collect away from any environmental barrier (Sample ID: NAltarki-1). The collected data are to be subjected to the same soil testing with the sample parameters including texture, color, and levels of pH, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Potassium. Difference in quantities of these parameters will be a clear indication that soil samples obtained from different environmental setting usually have different physical and chemical properties. Two different soil samples from different environmental settings were collected for the experiment. From the data provided in tables above (1 and 2), there are clear indication that these two soil samples have different physical and chemical properties. For the physical properties, these samples have different textures; thus, they are identified as different soil types. For perfect comparisons, the two data tables can be merged into one. From the table 3 below, sample one test to be Silky Clay loam while sample two was sandy loam in texture. For the color sample one showed 4 and 2 while sample two indicated 3 and 2 on the soil color value and soil color Chroma respectively. From the soil color sheet, both sample indicated they were within the same year range of 10 years. The chemical properties of these samples are related to the amounts of pH, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and potassium. Notably, with the same chemical properties, both samples had the same pH, Nitrogen, and Potassium values that were at 7, L, and H respectively. However, these samples had different phosphorus contents with sample one recording L levels while

Birth Control Should Be Available in Schools

Birth Control Should Be Available in Schools In recent years the amount of pregnant teenagers in the United States has skyrocketed; free contraceptives should be available and provided for middle and high school students within schools around the country in order to help prevent the amount high school students that experience unintended pregnancies before graduating from their high school. The United States has the highest teen pregnancy rate (nine times higher) of any other country in the world. In New York, teen pregnancy costs taxpayers at least $421 million dollars per year. Most of the cost is caused because of the negative consequences for the children who are born to teen mothers or parents. The costs are made up of health care costs for Medicaid, child welfare, public assistance, foster care, lost tax revenue and incarceration. Teen moms are more likely to drop out of school and live in poverty; their children are more likely to be delivered at low birth weight, grow up poor, and live in single-parent households, experience abuse and neglect, and enter the child welfare system. Daughters of teen mothers are more likely to become teen parents themselves and sons of teen mothers are more likely to be incarcerated (Hoffman, By the Numbers: The Public Costs Of Teen Childbearing In New York). The consequences of teenage pregnancy are both far-reaching and cyclical. They are far-reaching in the sense that teenage parenthood circumscribes the lives of young people and has severe implications for the education, health, and well-being of both parents and offspring; and also in the sense that both parents and offspring may never recover sufficiently to become productive members of society. They are cyclical in the sense that the children of teenage parents frequently become teenage parents themselves and thus become subject to the same consequences that their parents faced (A young woman who has not developed a sense of autonomy will have difficulty establishing a relationship with her infant because of her impede ability to empathize with the child. An egocentric teenager cannot possibly tune into her infants needs or respond to its cues; she therefore lacks the ability to provide an appropriate nurturing environment (Compton and Hruska 14.) In Sullivan County, The percentage of births to teens (10-17 years old) from 2006-2008 was 2.3%, compared to the New York State rate of 2.2 (Family Planning Indicators, 2011.) Lewin (2010) states that the pregnancy rate among teenagers increased 3 percent from 2005 to 2006, after it had declined 14% between 1990 and 2006. There was a slight decline again in 2008 until the present. Social programs for the purpose of decreasing teen pregnancy have slowly started to disappear during the recession; President Obama is still providing some limited financial investment but for evidence based programs only. These programs are gradually become non existent, like BOCES Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program, have been taken away and the service providers have gone out of business. Programs like Planned Parenthood, which provide free or low cost birth control and sex education for teenagers, have been the victim of repeated cuts caused by conservatives, religious groups and Republicans. For th e decades, our primary means of preventing teenage pregnancies was to demand that teenagers not have sex, a tactic akin to ordering a hungry tiger not to maul you, states Greg Fish (Fish, Schools Should Give Kids Free Contraceptives.) Miller (1973) stated that 50% of unwed women have had sexual intercourse by the age of 19. At that time, over 30 years ago, most of the respondents in his research revealed that their parents and doctors were not an good source of information about sex, and that they did not consistently use contraception. In 2002, the National Center for Health Statistics, Fertility, Family Planning, and Reproductive Health of U.S. Women conducted a survey of women from the ages of 15 to 54, which showed that the average age of teens starting to have intercourse, was 17.3 years, with men averaging at the slightly younger age of 17. Those who lived with both parents or who were involved in religion tended to be slightly older. Boys and girls were equally likely to have engaged in sex. Omran et al. (2006) studied the initiation of sexual behavior among 2,300 urban teens in Baltimore, and found that 42 percent had engaged in sexual intercourse by the age of 14, and that the average age for teens to hav e sexual intercourse was 14.8 years. In 2008, more than 10,000 girls participated in an anonymous survey on the Tyra Banks TV show (Coffey, Survey, Unprotected Sex Common Among Teens). The results showed that on average, girls had lost their virginity at 15 years of age. Fourteen percent of teens who were having sex said they were doing it at school, and 52 percent of survey respondents said that they did not use protection when having sex. Only 2% of girls were using long-acting reversible contraceptives (Vital Signs, 2011). More than 6 in 10 high school students will have sex before they graduate (Get the Facts, NY, 2011.) Why are sexually active teenagers failing to protect themselves from pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections? In Risky Business, a 2000 poll, 3 out of 10 teens admitted they had not used protection the last time they had sex, although 9 out of 10 said that they believed it was important to use protection every time. Half of them stated that they didnt because their partners didnt want to, and they felt pressured to have sex without it. Half also said that drugs or alcohol were the reasons they didnt use protection. Brown and Guthrie (2010) interviewed English women between the ages of 16 and 24 who had just had an abortion. They explained that all the women had been fully aware of the importance of contraception and knew where they could obtain it, but had forgotten to do so, gotten carried away in the moment, or gave into pressure from partners who did not want to use a condom. Some teenagers choose to get pregnant. There have been a number of recent films like Juno and reality shows, which both normalize and glamorize teen pregnancy and teen parents. For teens unsure about themselves and their relationships, the desire for some form of unconditional love leads many to think motherhood will satisfy that longing, and that it will bring the attention from others that the teen may want. For some, they are carrying on the tradition of multi-generational poverty; they may have themselves been the child of a teen. Childbearing may be a role that they feel they will bring attention, success and social status as a baby-mama, also giving themselves a adult role as a mother, helping them to escape the confusion of the teen years. Teen-age girls also feel that getting pregnant is a way to secure their relationship with their partner (Lowen, Teen Pregnancy Pact Teens Choose to Become Pregnant) However, A young woman who has not developed a sense of autonomy will have difficulty establishing a relationship with her infant because of her impeded ability to empathize with the child. An egocentric teenager cannot possibly tune into her infants needs or respond to its cues; she therefore lacks the ability to provide an appropriate nurturing environment (Compton and Hruska) In rural schools, teens face obstacles in obtaining contraception. Within smaller towns and counties, there are very few services for the prevention of Teen Pregnancy. Places which are in greater need receive the small amount of money for such programs. Which leaves the duty of teen pregnancy prevention is on the schools staff. Planned Parenthood clinics could be located very far away in these rural areas and their hours could be very inconvenient to students. Bringing up the problem of getting there, because of the lack of transportation. The local general stores do carry condoms, but students are unlikely to buy them there, due to their concerns about their privacy and confidentiality in a small town where all the store staff know most customers by name. Also in a poor rural community, the students have very few opportunities for employment so that they cant afford to buy their own birth control. Depending on when a student elects to take Health Class, they may have little or no ac curate information about sexual health issues or contraception until their senior year. According to the Guttmacher Report on School-Based Health Centers and the Birth Control Debate (2000), there were 1,135 school based health centers in the United States, located in 45 states; there are now 230 approved and operating School-based health centers in New York State, 64% of which are in urban areas (School-Based Health Centers Fact Sheet) Services are paid for by Medicaid, private insurance, Child Health Plus, and 23% of services are provided free for the uninsured. These clinics offer services on site, including reproductive health services, such as pregnancy testing, testing and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases, and gynecological exams. However, 3 out of four were prohibited from dispensing contraceptives (besides condoms) per school district policy. They were at least able to provide birth control counseling and referrals to outside agencies. An AP Poll taken in 2007 indicated that 67% of Americans favored letting schools provide contraceptives (CBS News, Birth Control at School? Most Say Its OK). However, most also preferred that the contraceptives be given to children who had their parents permission. The poll was given after much attention in the media to the events at King Middle School, in Maine, where middle and high school students (aged 11 to 18) were allowed to have free access to birth control pill prescriptions through their onsite health center (Fox News, School Board Approves Birth Control Prescriptions at Maine Middle School.) Although there was a lot of disagreement to this proposal from opponents who felt that birth control was the students parents responsibility, that giving out birth control was giving permission to teens to have sex, and that it violated parental rights, more people felt that the policy was needed in order to protect those students who didnt have strong support from their parents. In conclusion, at many schools within the country nurse practitioners and doctors conduct health exams for students with parental permission. The existing program should be expanded to also provide reproductive care and education, and the school nurses could be aloud to promote and provide information about contraception and protection from sexually transmitted infections and non-prescription birth control methods. It is very important that schools and the communities develop new strategies which will prevent unintended teen pregnancy and promote health.

Key Elements of Style :: Compare Contrast Strunk White Grace Essays

Key Elements of Style William Strunk and E.B. White's handbook The Elements of Style, and Joseph Williams's book Style Toward Clarity and Grace, are both full of good tips on how to improve writing style. The Elements of Style has some good information on how to make writing more vigorous and forceful, but it also contains a lot of opinions on word choice that seem frivolous. Although the advice may not be helpful, Strunk and White's strongly worded opinions are part of what makes their book enjoyable to read. Of the two, Williams's book is better at describing how to actually form better sentences and paragraphs. Before reading these books, I was of the opinion that everyone had their own writing style. Strunk, White, and Williams make it apparent however, that there are rules every writer can incorporate into their style to help make their writing more clear and direct. Both books contain helpful guidelines for improving writing style, but as Strunk and White say, "the first piece of advice is this: to achieve style, begin by affecting none (70)." Two lines that sum up what Strunk and White want to get across to their readers are, "Brevity is a by product of vigor (19)," and "omit needless words (23)." These authors are all about writing short, concise sentences. When this is done, they believe the product will be clear, forceful writing. They have some good tips on how to achieve this goal. The first is to omit the phrase "the fact that." They feel it "is an especially debilitating expression. It should be revised out of every sentence in which it occurs (24)." They then proceed to demonstrate how "the fact that" can be revised into shorter, clearer phrases. The above quote demonstrates the tone for much of The Elements of Style. Strunk and White remind me of a stuffy high school English teacher I once had, who used to embarrass students by making similar comments. At first I resented this, but after realizing the authors were no chastising me in front of any class, I grew to find comments like this amusing. Another good tip that is included in both books is to "put statements in positive form. Make definite assertions (Strunk 19)." Said another way, write without using the word "not." Again, Strunk and White provide many good examples on how to look for, and achieve this goal.

Components of the Criminal Justice System Essay

The criminal justice system is made up of many components but the three major components are the police, correctional agencies, and criminal courts. Within the judicial system, the police are the first step. They are the first responders to any crime scene which goes into the investigation process. The investigation process will then lead to possible arrests; the criminal is then booked and processed. They are given a court date and from that point the case is in the criminal courts domain. From that point the criminal courts then conduct a fair and impartial trial. The criminal courts are there to protect the rights of anyone facing processing by the justice system. The suspect is then found guilty or not guilty. If the defendant is found guilty they are then transferred from the county jail, where they were being held, to a state prison or correctional facility. The final step within the judicial system is the correctional agencies. However, appeals may be filed and the criminal will go through the court system again. Correctional facilities have different levels: minimum security and maximum security. The severity of the crime will determine which one of the facilities the criminal will end up in. The structure of the government relates to the criminal justice system in many ways. Like the criminal justice system, the government is also made up of different agencies that must work in harmony to serve a purpose. It also relates to the criminal justice system because the government is who makes the laws. Those laws vary from state to state in terms of penalties for misdemeanors, felonies, infractions, etc. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, â€Å"Under our form of government, each State and the Federal Government has its own criminal justice system† (BJS, 2012). After the laws are made, it is then the responsibility of the criminal justice agencies to enforce them. Although it seems that all of the mentioned entities work separate and alone, which in some cases they do, they are all working for the same purpose, reason, and results. Resource: Bureau of Justice Statistics, BJS, The Structure of the justice system Retrieved from: http://www.bjs.gov/content/justsys.cfm

John Stuart Mill

â€Å"Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. Happiness is intended pleasure and the absence of pain. † – John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill defines utilitarianism as a theory based on the principle that â€Å"actions are right in proportions as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness† (Sparknotes Editors). There are a few important aspects of this definition.It presents utility, the existence of pleasure and the absence of pain, as both the basis of everything that people desire, as the foundation of morality. This however, does not state that it is moral for people to pursue what makes them personally happy (Sparknotes Editors). The question at hand is what would John Stuart Mill advise the doctor to do? Fulfill the Joes request and assist him with his death or respect the family’s wishes by keeping Joe alive.From my viewpoint, I would say that Mill would tell the doctor to go forth with the family’s wishes because of his statement â€Å"is it not moral for people to pursue what makes them personally happy† (Sparknotes Editors) and in this case – it would not be moral to do as the patient wishes because the end result would be that it would only make the patient happy. However, from a utilitarian view point, a physician assisted suicide can appear to be morally justified in all cases. But in this case, it would be only morally justified in the patients’ case because he is the only one who is on board with the idea of physician assisted suicide.The only way this way this would be morally justified in all cases is if not only the patient was on board, but the entire family would have to be as well, by looking at such things like the physician assisted suicide as an elimination of the financial burden due to medical costs. Mill’s Utilitarianism states that in order to be mo ral, one must make decisions based upon the greatest happiness. In terms of physician assisted suicide I feel that death, no matter the form, usually brings many emotions such as both positive (the end of the patients suffering; then end of medical costs), and negative (feeling of loss and sadness of a loved one).According to Mill, the utilitarian doctrine states that â€Å"happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end. † (Mill) so what he is saying is that we are to treat others and ourselves included as a means to an end, and that it would be immoral to use other people and ourselves as a mere means. If you think about it, happiness is only something that can be experienced when we are alive and in reality, there is nothing desired except happiness and our actions derive from the pursuit of happiness. So if our ultimate moral end goal is happiness.My argument would be that the patient is not seeki ng happiness as an end but only a means because he is seeking it for himself to end his suffering. The process of physician assisted euthanasia would be considered a mere means if it were both what the patient and his family both wanted – but in this case this is not what both parties want. They each want the end result to be different. Mill also argued that individuals are the best judges and guardians of their own interests. So in this case, he would be stating that Joe is capable of making his own decision(s) and his family should allow him to make his own decision in this case.The only way Mill would state otherwise is if Joe was not capable of making his own decision, an example would be if he was in an unconscious state or otherwise mentally impaired. At this point a case could be made in the fact that Joe is unhappy and he knows eventually that his illness will lead him to much discomfort and possible pain. The only thing in Joe’s mind that will make him happy i s to end his suffering and end the suffering of his family who would have to watch him battle this sickness. This would be a â€Å"win-win† situation in Joes mind.Another case could be made using the assertion that â€Å"the right thing† would be to use any means necessary to alleviate the pain and suffering Joe may face in the future. This renews and reaffirms Joe’s importance to himself and his family members. Mill has also stated â€Å"all selfish interests must be terminated by death. † I think that by this he is saying the only way to end Joe’s want for physician assisted suicide is by death. He is stating that this is a selfish want on Joe’s part – he could also be stating that the family too is being selfish in not wanting to end Joe’s suffering.So neither party’s selfish wants are going to be subsided until death. I feel that John Stuart Mills’ utilitarianism would support the idea of what the family feels and wants rather than supporting physician assisted euthanasia. Only because his main focus is happiness and one cannot experience happiness in death. Works Cited Mill J. S. , Utilitarianism. New York; Longmans, Green; 1907 SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Utilitarianism. † SparkNotes LLC. n. d.. http://www. sparknotes. com/philosophy/utilitarianism/ (accessed October 17, 2012).

Brain Cancer essays

Brain Cancer essays The body normally forms new cells only when they are needed to replace old or damaged ones. If something happens to disturb this controlled process, abnormal or excessive cells are produced. When this occurs a tumor is developed. This is known as cancer. When a tumor is developed on the brain, it is called a brain tumor or brain cancer. Brain tumors can be benign or malignant (benign being not cancerous and malignant being cancerous). Both types can be deadly when dealing with the brain. Benign brain tumors consist of very slow growing cells. They have distinct borders and rarely spread to other locations. When viewed under a microscope, the cells of a benign tumor have an almost normal appearance. Even though these tumors sound harmless they can be life-threatening when located in such a vital area. Since the skull is unable to expand when the tumor grows it puts pressure on the brain. This results in damaged brain tissues and if left untreated a person could die. A malignant tumor is a tumor that could potentially invade and destroy important tissues and cells. They can also spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). Brain tumors can initially start in the brain. They can also spread to other parts of the body from the brain but this rarely happens. Some tumors may be worse than others. Tumor staging is used to determine the extent of cancer. The stage indicates if the cancer has spread and how far. The stages are listed below: T = Primary tumor size/extent T0: Primary tumor not present T1, T2, T3, T4 The higher the number, the larger the size/extent of the tumor. N = Regional lymph node involvement N0: No lymph node involvement N1, N2, N3 The higher the number, the more lymph node involvement. M = Distant metastasis M0: no metastasis M1: Metastasis present The cause of brain cancer is unknown. It is likely they are caused by many factors. Some of these factors are genetic damage, inheritance, electromagnetic fie...

Effects of Totalitarianism essays

Effects of Totalitarianism essays Gileads new government may have had good intentions for their society. However, the governments efforts to better its society through totalitarianism ultimately lead to suffering and oppression of their own people. Weve given them more than weve taken away, said the commander. Think of the trouble they had before. Dont you remember the singles bars, the indignity of high-school blind dates? The meat market. Dont you remember the terrible gap between the ones who could get a man easily and the ones who couldnt? Some of them were desperate, they starved themselves thin or pumped their breasts full of silicone, had their noses cut off. Think of the human misery. (pg. 253) Gileads government believed that by forbidding women to be openly sexual and by abolishing all ideas and materials that would inspire any form of sexual attraction towards women, women would no longer be considered and treated as sex objects, thus, eliminating all forms of unfairness and enforcing equality among every woman. Gileads government also believed that by enforcing only one religion among the whole society it would promote equality among every individual. This was all done in the interest of arranging an equal measure of happiness between every woman and man. However, not all individuals found happiness in their governments new ethnical standards. Most disapproved of it while some rebelled against it. Nevertheless, the totalitarian nature of Gileads new government suppressed all rebellious acts against them and neglected societys voice, therefore eliminating all possibilities for the government of ever realizing the true course of action needed towards societys improveme nt. Gileads government uses many different laws to enforce each and all of their principles and beliefs upon society. Half of the laws that are in place are there to suppress any form of ...

Advanced technology Essay Example for Free (#2)

Advanced technology Essay ? Now, in our society all over the world technology is the most important advancement, a necessity in bringing about progress as we move along in this computerized world. These changes in effect make man’s life easier and more convenient. Our advanced technology is unfortunately affecting the study habits of the students because there a lot of gadgets that they can use for searching information almost everybody depends on the internet, but there are still many importance of having a library. Many people think that they can find everything they need on the internet and that is not necessarily so. There is a lot of copy write material that is protected well beyond after the time the author is deceased. The internet can compliment the library and work hand and hand, but it can’t replace it. Google hasn’t even begun to digitized all the books that are available. Library is a place in which literary and artistic materials such as books, periodicals, newspapers, pamphlets, prints, records, and tapes, are kept for reading, reference or lending. A collection of such materials especially when systematically arranged. The library is a bunch of books with a librarian to check them out to you and back in when you return them. It is important that the library is well organized. Library Borrowing/Returning System is a process of organizing important information, used to track borrowed items and the scheduled time for returning. This system helps users or people who are responsible in recording the data appropriately. It also saves time and more convenient to use than the traditional manual recording. Lack of library System in a school can lead to disorder and troubles, and because of it the librarian is having a problem to serve each students and faculties who wish to use the library It is extremely useful in the school to use computerized system. The librarian has to keep the building neat and in good repair and also these things only shows a few of the things which make up your library. Schools set the various learning changes to achieve the current level of education in other countries. Because of the growing numbers of computer users, this became an effective medium to demonstrate the knowledge and skills of the students. From the traditional searching process for the books in the libraries, the interactive usage of computers can be now addressed as part of the library system. Traditionally, library systems are implemented manually. Forms are given to Librarian and they fill them of using pens. Afterwards, the school administrators process them manually and complied on large bulky file cabinet. Indeed, the manual Library system is very costly, time consuming and tedious. The primary complaint of school administrators with this system is the tiresome task of searching through records just to verify your query data. The fast phased of technology helped a lot to the improvement of the library system. Technology enabled software developers to computerize the library system. The automated library system helped the schools greatly. Library, transactions and queries can be created in a single click. Advanced technology. (2016, Nov 02).

The Hershey Chocolate Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Hershey Chocolate Company - Research Paper Example Before Hershey’s existence, the citizens from the wealthy class were the only ones who could afford milk chocolates. Hershey’s marketing strategy entailed producing high-quality milk chocolate that were sold at a low-cost. The market for Hershey chocolate grew widely, and as a result, it called for building more factories in new areas such as New York and Philadelphia. The chocolate company became involved in developing innovative products such as â€Å"kisses chocolates†, which were introduced in the 1920s. Additionally, over the years the company has been involved in making more innovative chocolate products, which consumers around the world have appreciated (Bozich 34). Milton S. Hershey the founder of the Hershey Company was born in the year 1857 and later died in the year 1945. He was a resident of Pennsylvania, which later came to be the location and headquarters of the chocolate company. For almost four years, he served as an apprentice to a local candy ma ker in Lancaster. Hershey himself faced obstacles in his quest of becoming a wealthy entrepreneur. His first business venture that involved making candy was in Philadelphia; however, this particular business failed after 6 years. Hershey’s breakthrough in the chocolate industry came when he moved back to Lancaster and focused on developing the Lancaster Caramel Company. Hershey later became interested in the chocolate industry, although, getting the right recipe for the chocolate products turned out to be a hard task. He worked towards creating the right recipe for chocolate bars, during those times information regarding chocolate recipe were highly secretive. Fortunately, he developed a recipe with the best formula of sugar, milk and cocoa that made the best chocolate. Ultimately, he came to form the Hershey Chocolate Company (D'Antonio 56). The cocoa beans used, by Hershey, to make chocolate comes from West Africa, particularly Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana. The Hershey Co mpany has sister companies such as â€Å"Museum Experience†, Chocolate Lab†, â€Å"Cafe Zooka† and â€Å"Museum Shop† (D'Antonio 96). Customers know â€Å"The Hershey Company† for its chocolate products,

History of Industrial Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

History of Industrial Design - Essay Example As a result of these negative impacts, major players such as Germany made great improvements to secure the future of plastics. Some of these changes were around things such as an assumption that the consumers would willingly and eagerly purchase the new and advanced plastic (Venturi & Rauch, 1978). Secondly, there was also the aspect of an emerging mass-culture. Mass media completely changed the culture of the plastic consumers. Also intensified new communication forms that never existed before made a cultural climate change inevitable. This plastic influence on culture emanating from the earlier motives of innovation and substitution drastically conditions the people’s perception on plastics and lifestyles. As a result of these changes, plastics continue to exist in the present world. High tech plastics are been applied in a world of places. The absolute dominance of plastics has to the world that it is not a bad thing as it was once thought. The American architect wrote his Complexity and contradiction in architecture to verify a fact in the theory of architecture and practice. Venturi tries to reinforce the principles of architecture back a mainstream that is always established under the popular culture. In his work, Venturi privileged some issues in an attempt to underscore his objective. Venturi privileged the non-straightforward Architecture. He clearly puts it clear the he appreciate and likes elements that are hybrid as opposed to pure, He also puts it openly that he likes elements that are distorted as opposed to straight forward ones (Venturi & Rauch, 1978). Secondly, on contradiction and simplification, he puts out clearly that the modern architects have opted for the primitive methods of solving problems while ignoring the most diverse and sophisticated ones. Venturi believes that for perfect work then the architects must establish a balance between these two sides of the coin. And lastly, venture also touches on the ambiguity.

The history and development of freehold property title in english Essay

The history and development of freehold property title in english system - Essay Example There were three aspects of feudalism such as personal, property, monarchial control. Under this system, the kings had rights but also had to perform responsibilities under feudalistic societal norms Over time, it was seen that the monarch was responsible for giving fiefs to knights for military services rendered to him. The king was also responsible for the upkeep of land since he had only parted with possession and not ownership which still vested with the Crown. Thus it could be seen that in the 10th century, the kings exercised tremendous control and patronage over land, and granted its use as payment for military services rendered by his knights and military personnel. For the first time in English history, William claimed eventual control of virtually all the land in England and asserted the right to dispose of it as he deemed necessary. Henceforth, all land was owned by the King. At the initial stages, King William appropriated the lands of all English lords who were killed during war and fiefed them to his Norman soldiers and supporters. These initial approbations led to revolts, which resulted in more seizures which moved along unabated for five years after Battle of Hastings. Even after he managed to quell rebellions, William the Conqueror continued to exercise their domain and supremacy of Normans over the country. His influences was so extensive that if the event an England landlord died without any children, the King or his barons, could choose a heir for the dead man’s properties and successor from Normandy. He exercised control over properties by encouraging marriages to Normans, which resulted in the ultimate takeover of English aristocracy by Normans. The system enunciated by William has impacted even modern day property holdings in England. The land belongs to the Crown and no individual or private holdings may be enforceable. Even

Politic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Politic - Essay Example The latter represents people’s participation in the environmental changes. â€Å"A direct cause is a cause that leads directly to an observed effect. The observed effect that we are concerned with is the rise in the Earth’s temperature (David Humphreys, p.19). Scientists agree that the direct cause of this heating â€Å"is the change in the radiative forcing of the Earth’s climatic system as the result of increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases† (David Humphreys, p.19). The main underlying cause identified is the burning of fossil fuels including oils and coals: things that are very much essential to â€Å"energy generation and industrial production† (David Humphreys, p.20). The underlying cause simply refer to human activities that results to the the increased concentration of greehouse gases in the athmosphere. Surprisingly or not surprisingly, the term inquality has surfaced to be one of the underlying causes of environmental degradation. What once only a social problem now lays inside the perimeter of environmental concern. Inequalities discussed in the book covers political ineqaulities, economic inequalities and inequality of knowledge. Citing the situation in El Salvador, the book Environmental Issues and Responses specified the ways in which inequality can cause much damage to the environment. Coffee cultivation was seen as one of the primary causes of deforestation in the country. The scenario â€Å"needs to be understood in the context of a global market and its demands for cheap coffee production† (Aradau, p.45). The economic inequality between the rich and the poor in El Salvador and the developed versus the underdeveloped countries in the globalized economy can provide justification for the abuse of the environment (Aradau, p.45). Another cause of environmental degradatio n in El Salvador was the â€Å"civil war from 1980 to 1992, during which the army bombed and burnt forests and land in order to destroy the resources used by the

Retail grocery industry in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retail grocery industry in Australia - Essay Example There are a few publicly listed supermarket based chains, global operators and wholesaler managed chains that operate in the industry and offer grocery foods in varied retail formats. These assorted retailers contend with more than 30,000 specialty food offering businesses including shopfronts and multiple franchise based operators (Australian Government Department of Agriculture, 2013). The prime objective of this study is to analyse the retail grocery industry in Australia in keeping with micro and macro-economic factors. Market Structure–Production Sector Nature of Production Nature of production in any industry bears a major impact on the overall cost of the produced offerings owing to the fact that it entails crucial constituents such as value addition components, stock control and production operations. In terms of stages of production, it is determined that a number of goods pass through diverse stages of production. Mainly, there are three production stages categorised under primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary: This stage entails the extraction of different raw materials from the soil. In relation to grocery retail industry, the primary offerings include food as well as non-food items that are prepared from the scratch with the aid of procuring different raw materials (Bized, 2012). Secondary: This stage entails converting raw materials into other related offerings. With regard to grocery retail industry in Australia, the organisations focus on providing high quality processed products through the use of required materials (Bized, 2012). Tertiary: This particular stage involves services provided to the business and consumers. This phase is mainly identified as a part of service industry. The Australian grocery retail industry emphasizes efficient handling of variable costs arising from providing quality services by generating greater footfall in the stores by enhanced consumer footfall. It also focuses on ensuring economies of scale along wi th rendering in-store services (Bized, 2012; Australian Government Department of Agriculture, 2013). Factors Differentiating the Market Australian grocery retail market can be differentiated through three major factors that include price differentiation, product differentiation and market segmentation. The marketers operating in the grocery retail market in Australia aim to differentiate their offering by targeting high quality assorted products for their identified target markets. Price Differentiation: Price discrimination or differentiation is referred as the quality of an exporter to fix the price in terms of market scenario. This behaviour notifies the exporter to exchange the rate by changing the price of its products. In certain terms, it can be said that price discrimination is the theory of changing prices for different consumers. In Australian grocery retail market perspective, price discrimination plays a vital role. Price differentiation is essentially divided into three parts that include first-degree price discrimination, second-degree price discrimination and third-degree price discrimination. In Australian grocery retail market, the price discrimination is very much important for the strategies adopted by the suppliers

Marketing in Travel and tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Marketing in Travel and tourism - Essay Example This would require that the travel and the tourism organizations understand the demands of their customers meaning anticipation and identification of their wants and needs. Anticipating and identifying when used in travel and tourism marketing depends on effective market research that would involve researching on both the existing and potential markets. In marketing research, it is important that the customers be classified according to their socio-economic status, lifestyles, and family circumstances, gender among other factors. This may involve primary research such as surveys, observations or questionnaires and secondary research such as statistics and records, which may be qualitative or quantitative in nature. While classifying customers it is important to note that the target market consists of a whole group of potential customers from the entire population. It is therefore better for those involved in marketing of travel and tourism to define the target market as a collection of segments, what is normally referred to as market segmentation. When the market is segmented, each segment has distinct characteristics and its needs and wants must be satisfied in order to have the best results shown through profits earned. Various studies have dealt with tourist motivations and market segmentation showing that the factors that motivate tourists for leisure travel and tourism can be classified into two types that is the â€Å"push† and â€Å"pull† factors (Mehmet 2011, p.153). It is therefore imperative that stakeholders in the travel and tourism sectors must have a proper analysis on tourist motivation and related activities in order to understand leisure tourist destination choices. These factors also enhance the image of destinations and the interplay with satisfaction and loyalty of tourists that procure these services of tour and travel. Each destination

Retail grocery industry in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retail grocery industry in Australia - Essay Example There are a few publicly listed supermarket based chains, global operators and wholesaler managed chains that operate in the industry and offer grocery foods in varied retail formats. These assorted retailers contend with more than 30,000 specialty food offering businesses including shopfronts and multiple franchise based operators (Australian Government Department of Agriculture, 2013). The prime objective of this study is to analyse the retail grocery industry in Australia in keeping with micro and macro-economic factors. Market Structure–Production Sector Nature of Production Nature of production in any industry bears a major impact on the overall cost of the produced offerings owing to the fact that it entails crucial constituents such as value addition components, stock control and production operations. In terms of stages of production, it is determined that a number of goods pass through diverse stages of production. Mainly, there are three production stages categorised under primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary: This stage entails the extraction of different raw materials from the soil. In relation to grocery retail industry, the primary offerings include food as well as non-food items that are prepared from the scratch with the aid of procuring different raw materials (Bized, 2012). Secondary: This stage entails converting raw materials into other related offerings. With regard to grocery retail industry in Australia, the organisations focus on providing high quality processed products through the use of required materials (Bized, 2012). Tertiary: This particular stage involves services provided to the business and consumers. This phase is mainly identified as a part of service industry. The Australian grocery retail industry emphasizes efficient handling of variable costs arising from providing quality services by generating greater footfall in the stores by enhanced consumer footfall. It also focuses on ensuring economies of scale along wi th rendering in-store services (Bized, 2012; Australian Government Department of Agriculture, 2013). Factors Differentiating the Market Australian grocery retail market can be differentiated through three major factors that include price differentiation, product differentiation and market segmentation. The marketers operating in the grocery retail market in Australia aim to differentiate their offering by targeting high quality assorted products for their identified target markets. Price Differentiation: Price discrimination or differentiation is referred as the quality of an exporter to fix the price in terms of market scenario. This behaviour notifies the exporter to exchange the rate by changing the price of its products. In certain terms, it can be said that price discrimination is the theory of changing prices for different consumers. In Australian grocery retail market perspective, price discrimination plays a vital role. Price differentiation is essentially divided into three parts that include first-degree price discrimination, second-degree price discrimination and third-degree price discrimination. In Australian grocery retail market, the price discrimination is very much important for the strategies adopted by the suppliers

Schools as Organisations Essay Example for Free

Schools as Organisations Essay Outcome 1 1. 3) Explain the post 16 options for young people and adults. The opportunities for pupils aged 16 and over have traditionally been either to leave school and start employment, or to stay and continue with their education. Although many pupils do still choose one of these options, it is likely there will be more opportunities available as there has been an increased government focus on and funding of education for 14 to 19 year olds, and in particular a focus on reducing the number of young people not in education, and employment or training post 16. Under the old labour government it was that by the end of the September of the year that each young person leaves compulsory education, they will have a place in further learning available. The September guarantee was implemented nationally in 2007 and was later extended so that 17 year olds who have completed a short course or have chosen to leave the activity they selected on completing school will have the opportunity to extend their learning. The September guarantee Under the last labour government, the guarantee was the following: Full or part-time education in school, Sixth Form College, independent learning provider or Further Education College. An apprenticeship or programme-led apprenticeship, which must include both the training element and a job or work placement. Entry to employment. Employment with training to NVQ level 2 The reason behind these requirements is that by 2013, all pupils will be required to continue in education or training to at least 17 years of age. This does not mean that they will be required to remain in school, but they should be following one of the pathways above. It is possible that under the new government these may change.

Network Rail has a key objective to Earn and Retain a Mandate

Network Rail has a key objective to Earn and Retain a Mandate Using PESTLE/Porters 5 Forces / Scenario Modelling or any other relevant identify the key strategic Macro challenges the Company faces. Using Financial Analysis / Marketing Mix / Core Competencies / Balanced Scorecard or any other relevant tools, scan Network Rails Internal / Micro Environment to inentify the key Micro challenges the Company faces. Pull your conclusions regarding parts 1 and 2 together in the form of a SWOT analysis. You could also identify what options an ANSOFF matrix for Network Rail would suggest are the most viable. Given your analysis, what do you conclude about the relevance of the Key Objectives above (to earn and retain a mandate etc.) and What should be the strategy of Network Rail in the coming 2-5 years? And what would be the vital few measures which would help to track progress toward achieving your suggested strategy. Introduction I have been employed in the UK Rail industry for over 30 years, and am currently based at Saltley Delivery Unit in Central Birmingham. My role is Infrastructure Maintenance Engineer, which gives me overall responsibility for all of the maintenance carried out by Netwrok Rail on its main infrastructure, which is the tracks and Signalling system connected to them. My geographic area of responsibility runs from London Marylebone, through Banbury and Birmingham Snow Hill and onto Droitwich Spa. I have 300+ staff reporting to me through a team of Engineers (3) and Section Managers (9), working out of two main depots, Saltley And Banbury, with smaller depots at Stourbridge, Whitacre, Leamington, Aylesbury, High Wycombe and London Marylebone. Background Network rail has been in existence since October 2002 when they took over the running of Britains Rail infrastructure from Railtrack. They currently employ over 35,000 people in various aspects of this work, from day to day maintenance to major renewal projects. In Using PESTLE/Porters 5 Forces / Scenario Modelling or any other relevant identify the key strategic Macro challenges the Company faces When you analyse the macro-environment, identification of the factors that might affect a number of vital aspects that will influence the supply and demand and costs of the company is critically important. (Kotter and Schlesinger, 1991; Johnson and Scholes, 1993) Various checklists are in use as ways of cataloguing the vast number of possible issues that might affect different industries. A PESTLE analysis is one of that is merely a framework that categorises environmental influences as political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental. PESTLE examines the likely impact of each of these factors on the industry. The results are then used to take investigate and enable opportunities and to be aware of and to make contingency plans for threats when building business strategy (Byars, 1991; Cooper, 2000). In a recent study (1998), Kotler claims that PESTLE is a strategic tool that can be useful to help understand market growth and decline alongside business position, in order to decide on potential and future direction The use of PESTLE analysis reveals that the major external influences upon Network Rail are: POLITICAL : The recent change in Government could still have a far reaching effect upon Britains rail industry, the recent Comprehensive Spending Review has made sure that the industry must change and in a big way. ECONOMIC : The current economic climate of the United Kingdom is such that a lot of passengers will be thinking of alternative ways to travel, low cost coach and bus services will have their appeal increased, albeit the long term prospects for rail travel are good, given the current lobby against road transport by the green parties. In order to remain an attractive alternative, the rail industry must compete economically with road transport. SOCIAL : The major social concept in the UK Governments Sustainable Development Strategy (DEFRA, 2005) is noted as: ensuring a strong, healthy and just society, but this can be split into six main aspects: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Accommodating the diverse needs of the population both now and in the future; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ promoting personal well-being; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ encouraging social cohesion and inclusion; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ maintaining equal opportunities for everyone; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ promoting good governance; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ engaging the creativity, energy and diversity of the people of Great Britain. The Rail industry has a major part to play in the satisfaction of these social goals. Increasingly the industry will be judged on delivering the services, and even more so on the way they are delivered. The UK Railways run alongside houses belonging to a vast array of the population, and it must be seen to engage correctly with all of its lineside neighbours. The industry must also be seen to be an employer that values its workforce and treats them correspondingly. Safety of the travelling public is a major social factor in the business, both those travelling by train and the road user that use any of the hundred of level crossings on the network each day. The key causes of accidents on the railway infrastructure are trespass and the misuse of level crossings. TECHNOLOGICAL : The incredible speed of technology advances has a big effect on any transport industry. The likes of faster and more reliable broadband connections will increase the amount of work done by teleconferences and reduce travel to meetings. Faster and more efficient trains will effect upon the nature of Network Rails infrastructure, and compel the company to look at new ways to maintain the infrastructure, and new forms of powering the trains. LEGAL : Legally Network Rail is governed by many bodies with an influence, including The Office Of Rail Regulators, The Health Safety Executive, UK Government, Environment Agency. ENVIRONMENTAL : Network Rail has a responsibility to maintain its infrastructure and the huge number of wildlife habitats alongside the railway. The company also has to become as green as possible, ensuring timber that they use is from sustainable sources, and that all depots and offices are committed to reduce their carbon footprint as much as is possible. Porters Five Forces The Porters Five Forces model is a simple tool that can be utilised to help strategic understanding where power lies in a business situation. The tool can also be used to understand both the strength of a companys current competitive position, alongside the strength of a position the company may be looking to move into. The Five forces framework focuses on business concerns rather than public policy but it can also emphasise extended competition for value rather than just competition among existing rivals. The ease of its use has inspired numerous companies as well as business schools to adopt it. (Wheelen and Hunger, 1998). If you have clear understanding of where your power currently lies, you are able to take advantage of a situation of strength or act to improve a situation of weakness. Porters 5 Forces for Network Rail: Supplier Power: For Network rail, it supplier power can be said to be relatively high, there is a very strict approvals process to go through before any item can be introduced into the infrastructure. This process can be time consuming and expensive for new suppliers and so those that already have this approval have a large amount of power to wield. There are also very few suppliers that provide the dedicated technology that is used to provide modern signalling systems which again will provide a great deal of supplier power. Buyer Power: Buyer power with regard to Network Rail would be classed as low. The company is operating in somewhat of a monopoly, giving buyers very little flexibility to shop elsewhere for similar services. Network rail is therefore in a very strong position when it comes to dictating terms. Competitive Rivalry: Other than companies providing engineering expertise with renewal of rail infrastructure, there are few firms who could provide the day to day expertise that Network Rail has in the safe running of the railway network in Great Britain. The number of staff employed by Network Rail (18,000+) would also be a barrier to the threat of substitution by smaller firms, not willing to take on the huge responsibility that employing this number of dedicated staff would present. Threat of Substitution: The threat of substitution may be classed as medium as there may be alternatives to a rail system within GB. Other than Road Transport, there is very little realistic direct competition for the services that Network Rail provide. Road transport does present a certain amount of competitive rivalry to Network Rail, but there would be few that would be able to compete direct with leading the GB Rail network. Obviously this puts Network Rail in a position of great strength. Threat of New Entry: The cost and time elements required for companies to be set up to provide effective competition to Network Rail would be barriers that would prevent this happening. For this reason the threat of New Entry is low. Using Financial Analysis / Marketing Mix / Core Competencies / Balanced Scorecard or any other relevant tools, scan Network Rails Internal / Micro Environment to inentify the key Micro challenges the Company faces. Using FiMO as discussed during the BES module of the Network Rail business leaders programme to scan the Internal or Macro Environment shows the following results: FINANCE : Network Rails strengths are based around its huge asset base and its growing asset value. Network Rail also owns a massive property portfolio that can be used for diversification. The major weaknesses of Network Rail are based around possible Governmet spending cuts, the Recent Comprehensive spending review and Lord McNultys value for money report. MARKET : Strengths Currently the business is well thought of by relevant bodies including the Office Of The Rail Regulator, OFT and HSE (BES 2010) Prime locations for retail developments, Achieving Control Period 4 (CP4) targets to date. Weaknesses Internal financial process that makes it almost impossible to trade with other parts of the same company. OPERATIONS Strengths include an enviable safety record, both for its own workforce and for the travelling public. Delivery of its own promise The Timetable is our Promise. When we Promise a train can run, it will run safely, punctually and reliably. And we Promise that more trains are able to run next year. Network Rail (2010) Weaknesses -. The industry is perceived as difficult to work with, by others within the industry. As part of the BES course a RECoiL exercise for Network Rail as a company was completed, the scores have been reproduced below. Network Rail Resources 8 Experiences 7 Controls and Systems 6 Ideas Innovation 7 Leadership 6 This would seem to highlight issues within two main sectors, those being Controls Systems and Leadership. Controls and Systems There is a school of thought that its processes are far too bureaucratic and that any change can only be effected over a long period of time. This may well have a bearing on the apparent issues with leadership Leadership There seems to be a large number of long serving railwaymen in supervisory and management positions. This has the effect of creating a resistance to change. There seems to be a feeling that the processes and procedures inflicted corporately are so rigid that they prevent innovation because of amount of bureaucracy in place. Pull your conclusions regarding parts 1 and 2 together in the form of a SWOT analysis. You could also identify what options an ANSOFF matrix for Network Rail would suggest are the most viable. According to Barney (1995), a SWOT analysis is a framework that points to the relevance of external and internal forces to give an understanding of the sources of competitive advantage. SWOT analysis will help decide if the main problems facing a company revolve around a need to change its strategy, a need to improve its current strategy and the implementation of it, or both of the above. The tool helps look at the companys current performance (Strengths and Weaknesses) and its future (Opportunities and Threats) by accounting for the factors that exist in the external environment. The framework is a powerful and at times highly successful technique that can be applied to individuals, groups, teams, or organisations (David, 1997).

Behaviorism Essay -- Psychology Psychological Essays

Background and Description of Behaviorism in Relation to Learning The background of behaviorism is associated with many scientists. Behaviorism started back in 400 BC with Aristotle. Aristotle believed in association and that "the objects being associated are similar, or opposite, or near each other". Then, behaviorism came into play with Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist. He studied the behavior of dogs and how they would salivating (conditioned reflex) when shown just the food dish without food (conditioned stimulus or conditioned response). Next, John B. Watson wrote a book called Behavior, where he described psychology as the process where behavior can be predicted and controlled. Watson also studied how learning can be achieved through a repeated stimulus and specific responses. Edward Thorndike described behaviorism as "a description of a man’s mind is that it is his connection system, adapting the responses of thought, feeling, and action that he makes to the situation that he meets". Thorndike also studied how the "law of effect" a nd "law of exercise" affects a person’s learning abilities. In other words, if an individual is positively reinforced, without punishment, and if a stimulus was followed by a response with repeated practice, stronger learning would take place. One of the main behaviorist that will be discussed is B.F. Skinner. Skinner studied what individuals "do and don’t do" in relation to behavior. He also believed that the actions that people take are in response to whatever happened to them in their past. Skinner came up with the idea of "operant conditioning". In operant conditioning, the organism’s behavior (response) is controlled by the use of positive reinforcement (stimulus) (Behaviorism As a ... ...orida: Harcourt Brace & Company. Nnedu, Cordelia. (1997, November 19) Auburn University: Educational Foundations, Leaderships, and Technology. EM 600 Behaviorism. Retrieved on October 29, 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://www.auburn.edu/academic/education/eflt/beh.html Ormrod, Jeanne, E. (1995). Human Learning. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Shrock, Sharon, A.(1995). A Brief History of Instructional Development. In G. Anglin (Ed.), Instructional technology: Past, Present and Future (p. 15-16). Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, Inc. White, Andy. (1995) Theorist of Behaviorism. Retrieved on October 29, 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://www.coe.missouri.edu/~t377/btheorists.html UHCL Home Page: Behaviorism As A Learning Theory. (1995, June 13) Retrieved on October 29, 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://inst.cl.uh.edu/inst5931/Behaviorism.html

Observation Assignment at a Park Essay -- Descriptive Park Essays Pape

Observation Assignment at a Park Hayden Park was an interesting place for a Freeze-Frame assignment. For those who have not heard of a Freeze-Frame, it is simply sitting in one spot for 15 to 20 minutes observing ones surroundings. So to continue, at first glance, Hayden Park is a typical Valley of the Sun type park. Most of these typical parks have grass, picnic tables, some trees, and usually some sort of sports availability such as a basketball court or soccer field, or both. In addition, the parks also have pleasant surroundings. But Hayden Park is located in South Phoenix, so automatically the typical standard for parks is altered. The surroundings around Hayden Park are far from what most people would consider to be pleasant. From the picnic table where I conducted my Freeze-Frame in Hayden Park I could see a junk yard with hundreds of old cars, a cement plant with loud trucks driving around the noisy machines, and a used car lot with a lot of obnoxious advertising, most of which is in Spanish. There was also a fenced in trailer park and some miscellaneous ...

Citizen Kane Shot Composition

Pick 2 out of the 3 images and analyse in depth how their composition affects the storytelling of Orson Welles’ Citizen Kane. Word Count: Max 600words. In this long shot we see Kane's mother in the foreground is sigining the documents for Kane to be taken by the banker. Kane however is in the background playing with the snow. It shows the innocence in Kane who is playing happily in the snow and unaware of what is happening to his future. The mother is the one signing the documents which demostrates little love for her child over herself which in course leads kane to crave love more than anything in his later life.The lighting in the scene where Kane is playing happily in the snow also is strong with little cast shadows, this shows the purity of his character. The use of the window to frame little Kane places the emphasis on him and shows how the signing of the documents will have a crucial impact on Kane. The framing also creates contrast between the joyful mood of kane playin g outside with the serious discussions in the house. The men are in a dark room, silouette of the man talking in front is seen. This shot uses only back lighting as the sole source of lighting to create a mysterious and secretive mood.The dark room signifys that the men have many questions on their mind about Charles Foster Kane and his last words, hence being â€Å"left in the dark†. The set-up also establishes the stage for the rest of the story. None of the men are actually in the focus in this shot, it shows that neither of them are of adequate significance in the story. The way the room is lid also expresses the filmmaker's views about members of the media. The strong light and shadow contrast shows the characters' somewhat shady intentions for uncovering the last words of kane.

Brain – Psychology

The brain works together in a mysterious way. In 1981, it was discovered that the brain is actually split into two hemispheres, left and right. Each hemisphere of the brain processes information in its own unique way. Each side of the brain carries on it’s own set of task and duties it needs to accomplish, but at the same time, both parts still work together. When deciding on which hemisphere I rely on the most, it can easily be said that I use the left-hemisphere more so than the right. I am a very analytical person who is constantly trying to analyze and solve problems that arise.I’m very keen to detail and usually don’t understand the overall picture at first, but rather all the small details that make it up. Not only am I good with details, I’m also great at mathematics and subjects that require a lot of analyzing and paying attention to detail. The right hemisphere is what allows us to see the whole picture instead of the minor details. Even though th e right hemisphere performs the simplest of task, if it is damaged, the person will not be able to recognize some aspects of speech. Looking back at my youth, I wasn’t really into solving puzzles or drawing, both of which the right hemisphere has domain over.It was interesting to read about the different brain hemispheres and how they work together, or in the case of â€Å"split brains† against each other. â€Å"Split Brain† is an operation that can be done, in which the corpus callosum is cut to control severe epilepsy. After the operation, the person basically has two brains that function individually on their own. The brain is such a powerful tool that it is amazing to see how much complexity there is to it.Coon, D. , & Mitterer, J. O. (2010). Introduction to Psychology. Belmont,CA: Wadsworth Publishing.

Bahan Kuliah Essay

1. The Rationale Literature and literary study is different. Literature is about a creative activity and an art. Literary study is not like a science. It is like a kind of knowledge and we need to learn it. Those are said by Austin Warren in Theory of Literature. The way to do a literary study is how we analyze the literary work. There are so many way to analyze a literary work, it depends on what we want to know about the literary work itself. There are many part of a literary work that we can choose to analyze it. We can analyze the inner part of a litarary work or want to know deeply a literary work by analyzing the outer side. It just depends on what we really want to know. A short story is one of literary works. It has the same elements like the others although the form is different. It has a theme that makes the story goes well as the writer wants to tell. A theme makes the story clearly to be read and the readers can get easily what the meaning of the story is. The theme helps us to interpret what the story means easily. Bidpai’s The Camel and His Friends has a clear theme. The theme is about a betrayal of a friendship. It is another kind of friendship theme in literary works. Friendship is usually told on the positive thing in a literary work but it tells the negative aspect of friendship. There will be a betrayal in a friendship when someone wants to get down his friend to win something and he betrays his friend to get what he wants. By knowing the theme, the moral of the story will be revealed. In the story, there is a camel that was left by his master in a jungle. Then he met the king of jungle, a lion, with his friends, a leopard, a fox, and a crow. Then they made friends in the jungle. Even though they already made friends,  they finally betrayed the camel and made him as a sacrifice for the hungry lion and his friends. It tells that someone must be careful in choosing his friends because sometimes they can be do well for us or the contrary. Theme is an important element of a literary work, especially in a short story. It influences the whole story. From the explaination above, there is a connection between theme and moral because by knowing the theme, the readers can get the moral aspect from the story. 2. Problem to Discuss The main topic of this term is about theme. It is about how the theme works in this short story. The theme of this story is a betrayal of a friendship. It was done by the new friends of a camel in this story, the were a lion, a leopard, a fox, and a crow. The theme makes it easy to understand and to interpret. The story begins with the lost camel who was left by his master in a jungle because he got fatigue. Then he met a lion, a leopard, a fox, and a crow. He made friends with them there. Although they were friends, finally the camel was killed by his friends because they were hungry. He was killed as a sacrifice for the king of jungle, the lion. The theme makes the story clear to understand and interpret. It also makes the other elements so clear to know. However, the writer still wants to know the evidences how it works on the other elements.

Human rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human rights - Essay Example The law of protest in the UK is inherently complex, with both the common law and constitutional provisions playing significant roles. The  Public Order Act 1986  is one of the major legislations that frame conditions to which protest demonstrations and marches are subject.2 This act allows the UK police to levy conditions that are deemed necessary for preventing property damage, public disorder, or stop protestors from intimidating others, while making it compulsory for the protestors to present a prior notification to the police. Failing to adhere to the stated conditions is an offence entailing arrest under the common law. Besides the  Public Order Act 1986,  there are various other provisions such as the stop and search provisions created under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 19843 and the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (SOCPA)4 that prohibit protests and demonstrations in specific areas without prior notification and permission. For example, areas surrou nding the Parliament Square and Trafalgar Square come under  the SOCPA designated areas. ... This essay critically analyses the aforementioned statement suggesting that the policing of protests as provided by the Public Order Act 1986 favours the interests of the state over the democratic rights of an individual as provided by the ECHR. Discussion Under provisions made by the ECHR, the Home Office and the police are under obligations to comply with the rights set out in the treaty; however, at the same time the provisions under the UK common law are also taken into consideration. The UK Government is required to protect all that come under its jurisdiction, which includes demonstrators, protestors, those targeted by the protestors, the public and the police.5 There are two obligation types owed by the UK under the ECHR: positive and negative. A positive obligation makes it necessary for the government to frame protective or preventive measures to secure rights listed in article 11 of the ECHR, whereas under the negative obligation they must stop from taking certain protectiv e or preventive measures. For example, under a negative obligation the UK Government cannot place hurdles in front of those wanting to protest.6 A positive obligation, on the other hand, helps counter protests and makes it compulsory for the government to frame measures that safeguard individuals from the actions of others (such as those targeted by the protestors or business firms against whom individuals may want to protest). Article 11 of the ECHR makes provisions that safeguard the rights of protestors and demonstrators taking part in peaceful assemblies from state interference. Article 11 comprises two interlinked rights: the right not to be stopped from associating and meeting (except

Social responsibility of business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social responsibility of business - Essay Example Requiring businesses to intervene in social issues is equivalent to asking for more than what businesses owe both government and the society (Sarkar 2005, p.25). Increasing profits is the right thing for businesses to do because engaging in social activities would give them unfairly excessive powers. These powers would cause businesses to control the lives of people through political action, influence on the government and domination using business values. Businesses know how to make profits well but are incompetent pertaining social issues. This incompetence unfolds threefold starting with businesses’ lack of the technical skills requisite to handle social issues. Businesses lack knowledge that is as good as that of the government about what is good for the society and incompetent investments into social issues only wastes stakeholders’ funds (Sarkar 2005, p.26). Overall, the nature and character of free economy requires the function of business to be economic and not social and going against this is tantamount to causing confusion. On the other hand, Friedman could as well have been wrong in light of a number of things. His statement ignored that social activities could have profitable gains in the end. As such, Friedman’s statement focused on the short-term costs and downplayed the long-term benefits that could accrue from businesses engaging social responsibility. Concentrating on making profit only denies businesses a chance to build favorable public image. Businesses need a favorable public image in order to get employees, customers and access to money markets. Businesses should have a conscience even when concentrating on making profit because ethical actions are necessary if a business is to keep its customers and not have them boycotting its good and services (Sarkar 2005, p.27). The possible risks that a socially responsible business dares will make the stock market to raise its stock

Why do we look after children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Why do we look after children - Essay Example Through their research they have show that humans, like primates, share many similar patterns and evolutionary traits with respect to parenting as a means to increase survival. Are we really that different? See Figures 2 and 3 in the appendix at the rear of the paper. Geary and Flinn (2001) assert that â€Å"at a social and behavioural level these characteristics function to allow individuals to gain access to and control of the associated resources, such as food, mates, and territory† (pp. 6-7). The main impetus that holds us from achieving this is largely dependent upon the behaviours exhibited by others of the same species. This complex nature which we call social behaviour is nothing more than the evolutionary process we, as humans, have undergone as a means to achieve this. The only difference is the complexity of the social competencies that a species possesses. As an example, both gorillas and chimpanzees social competencies have evolved so that a great portion of their sustainability lies in their ability to protect their young from other males within their respective species Regardless of the complexity of social competences, humans, as with primates, share one common goal and strategy. â€Å"The ultimate function of parental behaviour is, however, the same: to provide a social context that enables the acquisition of sociocompetitive competencies† (Geary and Flinn, 2001, p. 7). As we have evolved we have adapted to this by means of developing social groupings and ties that assist us in ensuring survival through a cooperative effort to gain the needed resources to assure our sustainability. Figure 4 in the appendices displays what Geary and Flinn demonstrate as the unique characteristics of man as we have evolved. In the following pages we will examine the question ‘why we look after children?’ through examination of the various factors, both psychologically and biologically, that have enabled us to survive as a species, perpetuate our

Family Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Family Story - Essay Example He was a young man in his early twenties. He was expected to provide for his young family. My mother stayed home and cared for the rest of us. Due to his determination to succeed, my father worked long hard hours, and, with time, he got himself to the top. He has always strived to give his family the best that a father is expected to give. Through my parents, my brother, sisters and I have learnt the value of being responsible, hardworking and honest. We have also learnt that it is important to help the less fortunate. Today, my father is a highly successful businessman. I admire him and hope to follow in his steps in the near future. I value all that I have learnt from my parents over the years because I am now a better person. Seeing my father struggle and work hard for us has made me believe that people can move from having nothing to having almost everything they need. My father always narrates to me about a time he lost his job at the supermarket. He had to rent a truck and sell various products to be able to provide for his family. This was extremely difficult for him, especially because it happened during winter. However, he had no other option and wanted to earn an honest living. It is difficult for me to imagine myself doing that kind of work, under whatever circumstance. My father must have really been devoted to his family. My parents have encouraged and influenced me to be the best I can be. I love spending time with my family. Sometimes, it is difficult for us to get together during the week. This is usually because we are all involved in various activities. Besides my school work, I am deeply involved in baseball. My brother is constantly with his girlfriend and spends a lot of time with her. My sisters are involved in acting, dancing, and other after school activities. My father still works long hours in his. My mother is constantly in and out of the house, taking us to

Assess in what way you think Emmanuel Kant may claim to have overcome Essay

Assess in what way you think Emmanuel Kant may claim to have overcome David Humes skepticism - Essay Example Besides the circle of practical epistemological interests are closely adjoined with questions of gnosiology, or the theory of knowledge. In history of epistemology there are two main schools concerning what makes the main means of knowledge. Rationalism allocates this role to reason. The empiricism allocates this role to experience, feelings strengthened by tools. For rationalists a paradigm of knowledge is the mathematics and logic where the necessary truth is made by intuition or conclusion. For empiricists a paradigm of knowledge is natural science But for both directions of epistemology the central question is the question, whether we can trust that way of knowledge which they prefer. The skeptical arguments show, that we cannot accept everything simply, without checking. So, the answer to the skeptical call represents one of the ways of epistemological understanding. In the epistemological sense Hume was an empiricist for whom only two kinds of knowledge (science) existed. The first kind is based on the experience (finally on sensual perception), the second - on the rules of interrelation of concepts established on the agreement (according to empiricism interpretations, such knowledge is inherent for mathematics and logic). We cannot have any knowledge besides these two kinds. We not know the things which are not given to us in experience.This empiricistic epistemology leads to the results, important not only for theology and ethics, but also for the understanding of experimental sciences. From this point of view, in natural sciences there is no certain undoubtful kernel. Further we shall see that Kant paid much attention to this item and tried to deny it.

Animal Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Animal Behaviour Essay Animals and their behaviour has been fascinating to behold and even more incredible to experience. Humans have been intrigued at how the most basic creatures can do the most complex things. Ethology or the scientific study of animal behaviour is responsible for numerous breakthroughs in the understanding of the animal world, and in turn the human one. Animal behaviour can range from being altruistic, to funny, to being lessons in teamwork and commitment. Dolphins have been observed to help sick or injured animals, swimming under them for hours at a time and pulling them to the surface so they can breathe. Male emperor penguins form a huddle during the cold and dark winter months where from tens to thousands of penguins lean on each other and gradually shift positions to obtain maximum warmth from the core of the huddle. Geese fly in a V formation as a flock to increase flight efficiency by 71% compared to one goose flying alone. Malaysian ants blow themselves up into a thousand bits of organic dust if they sense a threat to their colony. Elephants are known to mourn their dead. They stand around the body for days and pay respects to the dead elephant by touching their trunks to its body. Many animals, from earthworms to apes, are capable of learned behavior. They can alter their instinctive behavior by drawing on past experiences. With the help of technology, today scientists are able to find out much more about animal behaviour and the ways animals interact. If scientists in the Smithsonian can teach orangutans simple language using computers they can also find out if other animals think like humans. The knowledge they gain will help save wildlife and prevent endangered species from disappearing. So lets hear it for the creepies and crawlies, the slimies and furries who have successfully learnt to establish and protect territories, find food and water, court, mate, reproduce, nurture their young, and play in a mind-boggling array of conditions far beyond our fragile human capacity. â€Å"God gave unto the animals wisdom past our power to see: Each knows innately how to live. Which we must learn laboriously†.

Social and Legal Issues associated with Multimedia Industry

Social and Legal Issues associated with Multimedia Industry Section A Identify and discuss legal and social issues of the multimedia industry Multimedia the name itself indicates its a combination of multiple media content, all the digital devices, electronic machines utilized this generation and future generations mainly aims to focus on delivering high quality multimedia content in their desired product. As the Quality of the products or service is good, such organizations have huge reputation in society. Apart from goodwill there are also some other side effects in multimedia industry (Adjeroh and Nwosu, 1997). The media content can be served in many forms text, audio, and videos by stealing others digital property or morphing media content and providing false reputation to organization. Majorly Copyright issues cause much loss to film industry, by duplicating media content, and selling illegally earns money. Most of the organizations in media industry are using advanced tools in designing graphics, logo creation, banner creation, 2d animation, 3d animation and wedding works etc. But along with pros there are some cons existed in this field. This paper presents all the pros and cons, legal and social issues in depth knowledge to improve its performance, effectiveness and remove its difficulties for future generations as well as it helps for technology vandals. Some of the major issues in media industry are copyright issues, Health and safety, Employer liability, Employer rights, Confidentiality, Accuracy, Privacy, Harm and offense, Misuse of technology in social media are critically evaluated in this paper. Other part of paper will discuss purely about design and implementation of application show case, the way animation is planned using appropriate tools and its sub options. In depth explanation of the way how individual objects are re-shaped and grouped as one object. Copyright Issues: A medium used for protecting rights of media creators from various illegal technologist by providing proprietary ownership (Browell, 1997). These basic rights are already formulated decades ago to protect individual copyright. But with the use of internet and technology these laws are subjected to modifications. Individual has a Right to freedom but no right to interfere or utilize others media content without their concern. Many authors in related field of research have mentioned similar qualities and illegitimate use of copyrighted documents or content. Recent times  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Latest techniques have emerged in protecting and identifying illegal misusers of media content using water marking process. According to US legislation have some protocols released on Copyright act of 1976 a notice on such issues it says that offense of using or selling others work without purchasing its rights. Health and Safety policy: This policy clearly describes about some sectors of multimedia industry such as Film industry, news channels, discovery, cartoon which gives support and advice to public (Adjeroh and Nwosu, 1997). Before telecasting media content certain risk assessments are taken to avoid miscommunications and social issues. Accuracy: Misuse of technology by creating unrealistic media content and misguiding the public and provoking them to unwanted emotions causes severe social issues which have been identified in this research. So it is advised to not to modify the facts for their own self to acquire profits. This may cause huge damage and mistrust on media industry reputation. Privacy: The primary aspect of multimedia industry is nothing but privacy, it always advised to not interrupt with any individual life before telecasting multimedia content (Cuttler, 2011). The telecaster must be aware of laws and have permission of rightful person whom it concern before providing publicly. Harm and offense: Some Television broadcaster and every civilian have right to produce righteous content and information to public. By keeping kids and youth on mind unsuitable content must be avoided. In order to prevent from socio ethical issues on misguided multimedia content (Multimedia, 2016). Here, there are some other issues which are related to moral principles based on ethical way in media industry creating trust with appropriate information will create trust else subject to issues. Adjeroh, D. and Nwosu, K. (1997). Multimedia database management-requirements and issues. IEEE Multimedia, 4(3), pp.24-33. Browell, S. (1997). Open learning and multimedia the legal issues. Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 12(1), pp.52-57. Cuttler, B. (2011). Media and telecommunication issues. 1st ed. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Multimedia. (2016). Social and Ethical Issues. [online] Available at: http://educationandtraining-multimedia.weebly.com/social-and-ethical-issues.html [Accessed 26 Nov. 2016]. Section B Evaluate your multimedia application, discuss using critical judgment and reflection its effectiveness The starting state of multimedia application development that is designing the logo and poster based on given Project for Revolution Films production with the movie name: Interstellar Battalion which is released in 2016. Then started using adobe Photoshop tool to design my first logo in which set up background colour and border with distinct colour with alien image middle of screen with given criteria 50 * 50 mm size. This software contains various options to design a professional logo and poster for film industry with less effort in short time. The poster of A4 size international format utilized gradient tool and applied some filter to blur the image and look good. When designing another format multimedia content form i.e. 2D animation which is of 1 min animated movie clip based on given scenario aliens invading into earth and attacks on china, Russia and Europe. These three attacks are classified into 3 days scenario every time a new layer is created then selected starting and ending key frames to have an action. Motion tween is used to provide an object or character move from one place to other. Other similar functionality of classic tween is used to move objects on a particular background screen. Text option is used display textual content on image. An alien and spaceship characters are designed to give full justification to given scenario of title Interstellar Battalion which is designed Adobe Animate. When comes to 3D animation design, there are several objects are included in the tool such as rectangle, square, circle and sphere etc. Each object has its associated properties to reshape the object into desired shape. But initially to reshape an object, it must be converted to editable poly to get advanced options to reshape such as vertex, edges, polygon etc. Different shape and coloured objects are taken reshaped according to image of spaceship and alien robot. Further group certain objects and then done cloning option is utilized to get similar create object then changed direction to flip and look grouped object in correct direction. Then created application show case with the above designed all animated designs using adobe premiere. By adding all the animated clips into given screen, using some shortcuts f5, f6,f7 and f8 and finally exported a video on the above delivered scenes and a sample video mixing clip is developed using sample application. Initially took some sample video clips on YouTube and edited according to film scenario and added other clips and created sample video. This application is best useful for video editing and mixing. Initially while designing the film there was some problems faced but the material and the guidance provided by the professor helped me to finish the film. Apart from the university material lot of you tube videos has been useful in completing the film successfully. Different kind of softwares has been used for the designing of film like logos have been designed using adobe Photoshop, posters have been designed using adobe illustrator, Adobe animate was used in doing 2D works which has an alien, spaceship, spaceship with legs and the film shows three days attacks that take place. 3D work is done using 3DS software and adobe premiere was used for making the movie trailer. Initially when the project was started different kind of logos have been designed which are scary and which contains too much texts. Later, it was observed that the logos should be clear with good colour and texts and should be clearly understood by everyone. Then the logos have been designed differently. Different logos have been designed and one among them is chosen finally for the film which is the best one. Once after finishing the design of the logo poster was designed. Poster was to advertise the film. Different posters were designed and one was chosen from them for the film. With the completion of the film become familiar with the softwares that have been used. If there was more time the film would be have designed more effectively by doing the repeated work and making changes to it to get the good work Section C Designs The below sketches are the different ideas of logos, posters, aliens, spaceships. References Jim Sterling (2016) Spacecats in Space. [Online Video].Aug 9th. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5IjEuBu_Xe8. [Accessed: 25/10/16] Lukes 3D (2011) Spaceship Battle in Atmosphere. [Online Video]. 26th Aug. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rlh9bfPTBNs. [Accessed: 30/10/16]. Rob the Robot (2016) Cartoon. [Online Video] 28th Aug. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zakT0OeRCBU. [Accessed: 15/11/16]. Jack Teeya (2012) IL Risveglo Quantico. [Online Video] 7th Jul. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k35jiwEr6eE. [Accessed: 18/11/16]. 1. Introduction: Internet has changed the world in many possible ways, with the inception of internet and World Wide Web communications and interactions have started a new phase. With Social Media becoming a daily life essential, it has turned into a new place to expresses opinions and feelings. There has been now a huge increase in demand for tools which can analyse the individual behaviour and in social media and internet. Social media analysis has now divided into multiple branches and there are many applications. This project would analyse the tweets and makes a sentiment analysis of a on a specific topic. 2. Aim: The Aim of the research is to study the Opinion mining and Sentiment analysis and the various applications of it. Also, to analyse the challenges of sentiment analysis and build an artefact with collaborative Opinion mining and Sentiment analysis model from an external source (like Twitter). 3. Objects: To study various types of Opinion mining and Sentiment analysis and techniques To study the features of Sentiment analysis and analyse its applications. To build an Artefact produces a processing model for Sentiment analysis which gather information from external source like twitter. To Investigate the future scope of Sentiment analysis and its challenges. To get a detailed report analysing the various challenges and treats in applying Sentiment analysis for industry. 4. Research Ethics: The ethics to be dealt with to do research are called as research ethics, and it is carried all along the research. No personal or confidential information would be collected from the people, and the results are produced without any personal biases, research would not take place on a vulnerable group. All University rules and regulations are strictly adhered. All the requirements and deliverables would be discussed and their suggestions would be considered for. And it is also ensured that no personal information would be accessed through the data collected from tweets generated for the project, and that data would not be made public either. The survey conducted would not hold any personal information like name and contact information. And only copyrighted and open source software would be used for the project. And it is made sure that any pirated software isnt used with in the project. 5. Intellectual Challenges: 1) Creating an interface with twitter server using public and private keys and to extract data directly from the server requires good configuration management, as the data fetched has to be perfectly pipelined and fine-tuned for the project. 2) Analysing the tweets, which are in the form of semi-structured data requires good analytical skills and the Hive Distributed File System Format would be used to store and analyse the data as it is semi-structured data. 6. Deliverables: Producing a detailed project plan and complete documentation. Data collection includes primary and secondary research the both methods for the project. Producing a detailed literature review. Analysing various challenges that had to be addressed during the project development. Building an artefact which extracts the data from twitter by creating a twitter API. Producing the design models in the project documentation. Testing the artefact and the results obtained. Critical evaluation of the project is done. Analysing the future scope of the project and document it along with conclusion. 7. Resources: Hardware: Processer: Intel Pentium Dual Core. RAM: 4 GB RAM. Hard Disk: 10 GB HDD. Software: Front End: Hadoop, Scala, Spark, Sqoop. Back End: H-Base or MYSQL. Operating System: UNIX Operating System. IDE: Eclipse or Intel IJ 8. Research Approach: A mixed method approach is used for this research, in this method both the Quantitative and Qualitative data are used. And the result gained would be based on analysing the both methods. Qualitative approach, is to collect the data from already existing literature such as standard journals, IEEE paper, research publications etc., also a subject matter expert opinion or an individual feedback which is obtained by their research, experience or individual feedback and this cant be indicated in percentages or the data that cant be quantified. Quantitative data is the data which can be measured in numbers and percentages which makes the result in numerals and this is obtained in case studies or questionnaires and online surveys. A sample survey is carried for this research with a short questionnaire and this questionnaire consist of some sample questions like how often do you use twitter? What types of tweets do you generally tweet? Etc. are carried on the questionnaire. And this gives the quantitative data for the research. A lot of standard literature is referred to get the qualitative data for the project. And the combination of both the qualitative and quantitative data would be make the research more authentic. 9. Literature review: Throughout the history humans always want to interact with others socially. And, this has been keep on changing from time to time. It started with signals, symbols, radio communications, telegraphs and telephone till internet. Information technology has completely changed the face of communication and socialisation. As per the report by Nelson (2010), the internet consumers spend most of their time online for social networking followed by online gaming and e-mail in United States of America. 2.1 Social media and Data Collection: There are many social networking sites currently available and this has given an alternate to media and connect with known people like friends and transfer required information directly. The different social networking sites like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and LinkedIn which are all web based applications which creates and exchanges large amount of user generated data. The social network can be considered as mapping of different individuals, where individuals can be taken as nodes and the way they are related can be taken as edges. Currently, millions of people across the world use social media for expressing their views, share ideas which generates data. Conventionally, mailing services are used in sending and storing data and social networking is used for connecting with people and for bloggings. Social networking has a remarkable increase in popularity and usage in a very short span. Statica (2016) claims that there are about 1,590 million active Facebook users, and they generate millions of data updates constantly such as communications, blogs, post, etc. However, Rashid (2011) discusses that social networking has played a key role in the Middle East revolution of 2011 where the activist used Facebook for scheduling the protest, Twitter for co-ordinating and spreading information and YouTube to share the progress to the world. Number of Active Social media users for different applications. Social media can be used for both personal and business needs and thus can be done by an account creation, contacting the other users, creating post either personal or business related and all this activity create data. And creating such data by millions of users regularly is large and big. Social media is a fastest growing internet application and this started with the inception of a social networking sites called classmates.com in 1995 and this has grown in an un-predicted manner. 2.2 Data Analysis: The artefact built is used in analysing the semi structured data, the data that is in the form of limited characters and this data is like the data in emails, log documents, word and text files etc., And analysis such a huge amount of data and in a semi structured format can be done with the traditional relational databases such as SQL, MYSQL or DB2, so we can do that with some Hadoop databases and the data must be stored using the Hadoop frame work databases such as H-Base, Couch DB or Mango DB. Sqoop is used to extract the data and then a database is formed in the Hive format called HDFS i.e., Hive Distributed File system. And the data is extracted using Map Reducing Technique. 2.3 Sentiment Analysis: The sentiment analysis is done by using some token words and all the tweets generated are assigned with some augmented words, and these are argument words are classified on three categories such as positive, neutral and negative. And when the arguments are categorised all the positive words are grouped as a positive group and certain words can be grouped as negative group and all the tweets with words which dont fall in both can be termed as neutral. And based on the cumulative of the collected tweets the trend can be easily classified and is accessed, and thus trend can be easily analysed using sentiment analysis. 2.4 Extracting Data from twitter: For the artefact, live data from Twitter is to be extracted, for this twitter account must be created and then by using APP. Twitter, a set of private and public keys are created and this keys are used in the creating a connection with twitter server.